Green Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts: Synthesis Methods, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications — A Review

Ayushi Verma

doi:10.55524/ijirem.2026.13.2.3

Abstract

Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO? NPs), have caught the attention of researchers in recent years, and have emerged as promising nanomaterials in biomedical research due to their unique redox properties, paramagnetic behaviour, and catalytic activity. This review critically analyses reported synthesis strategies, with particular emphasis on plant-mediated green synthesis approaches. Studies show that green-synthesised MnO? nanoparticles usually range between 5–100 nm. Their shapes can be spherical, tetragonal, rod-like, or sheet-like, depending on the chemical precursors . Plant compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids help in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles. The paper also discusses different techniques used to study the size and structure, of nanoparticle including SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. These methods helps to understand the morphology, crystallinity, and surface properties of the nanoparticles. In addition, this review discusses their biomedical uses including MRI, tumor therapy, drug delivery, radiotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia, and antibacterial activity. Although promising results have been reported, challenges related to large-scale production and toxicity studies still need further research.

Keywords

Biomedical applications, Eco-friendly synthesis, Manganese oxide nanoparticles, Nanomedicine, Plant extracts, Wet chemical methods

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A. Verma "Green Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts: Synthesis Methods, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications — A Review", International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management (IJIREM), Vol-13, Issue-2, Page No-12-24, 2026. Available from: DOI: https://doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2026.13.2.3